Wool, obviously, and combing, sure, but not blouse!

Peinar, applied to wool, is combing, which is done after carding (cardar):

"Combing is a method for preparing carded fiber for spinning. [...] When combing wool, the discarded short fibers are called noils, and are ground up into shoddy."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combing#Machinery

And these "noils" are what "blousses" means. It's actually the French word for it:

https://dictionnaire.reverso.net/francais-anglais/blousse/fo... (see bottom section of page)

In Spain blousses / noils are called "puncha", apparently. See here under "llana punxa" (no. 521 on p. 36):
https://vdocuments.mx/industextil.html

But in Latin America they seem to use the French word. This is from Argentina:

"a) Peinado de la cabeza:
Se divide en dos etapas. Una pinza sujeta firmemente un mechón de fibras y el lecho circular de peines peinara las fibras que no tapa la pinza. De este modo se paralelizan las fibras largas y las cortas (que no atrapo la pinza) son eliminadas por no tener donde sostenerse cayendo en un cajón dispuesto debajo de la peinadora. Este desecho se llama BLOUSSE o BLOUSSE DE PEINADO y será bien vendido por ser material virgen."
https://vdocuments.mx/resumen-final-tecnicas-word.html (p. 18 of 54)

And this is from Mexico:
"Mientras, el desperdicio que quedó en los peines de cilindfro, son retirados por el cepillo y por aspiración, forman una "manta" de Blousse. Sale por la parte trasera de la máquina."
https://tesis.ipn.mx/bitstream/handle/123456789/13275/PUESTA...

In the UK it seems they tend to speak about "noil" in the singular as a collecive noun for these fibers:

"Noil
By-product of combing. The short fibres removed from combing a top or sliver."
https://www.worldofwool.co.uk/apps/base/blog/a-to-z-of-wool-...

Whereas in the US they seem to use the plural:

"The combing process also eliminates “noils” or shorter fibers which grow mostly on the belly of the sheep.(Noils are used in the production of less expensive woolen fabrics and for themanufacturing of felt, a non-woven wool fabric)."
https://d1cqrq366w3ike.cloudfront.net/http/DOCUMENT/SheepUSA...

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Note added at 15 hrs (2019-05-15 05:27:34 GMT)
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The word "peinadora" could be translated simply as "comb", but I think "combing machine" is probably better.

"peinadora para lana [...]
Definición:
Operación básica en la preparación de hilos de estambre de lana. Tiene por objeto eliminar las fibras cortas, paralelizarlas y eliminar la materia vegetal y neps.
Observaciones:
Hay dos tipos de peinadora para lana: la circular, conocida con el nombre de Noble y que se emplea exclusivamente en la industria de estambre en Inglaterra, y la peinadora rectilínea, conocida con el nombre de Heilman, de uso en Europa."
http://diccionario.raing.es/es/lema/peinadora-para-lana

"[T]here was no really satisfactory combing machine in Britain until the 1850s
[...]
Heilmann successfully claimed that these [Lister's combing patents] infringed his patent [...]. The Lister comb was a circular machine, suitable for wool [...] James Noble patented another circular combing machine in 1853, again for wool."
An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology, 840
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=o7yJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA840&lp...