mike23 May 7, 2014:

Masz rację - "kara" oznacza tutaj raczej przykre konsekwencje... Tylko jeszcze nie wiem dokładnie z czego wynikające...
‘employment penalty’ (greater likelihood of unemployment for those growing up in a low-income household)
http://www.jrf.org.uk/system/files/2301-child-poverty-costs....

geopiet May 6, 2014:

re: kara za zatrudnianie niewykwalifikowanych Coś tu nie gra :) gdyby tak było, nikt by raczej tych niewykwalifikowanych nie zatrudniał ..

Być może chodzi o inne znaczenie słowa "penalty"? Może „ryzyko”, lub „konsekwencje”?

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4.
a disadvantage imposed upon one of the competitors or upon one side for infraction of the rules of a game, sport, etc.
5.
consequence or disadvantage attached to any action, condition, etc.

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/penalty

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Ogden tables are a set of statistical tables and other information for use in court cases in the UK.

Their purpose is to make it easier to calculate future losses in personal injury and fatal accident cases. The tables take into account life expectancy and provide a range of discount rates from -2.0% to 3.0% in steps of 0.5%. - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogden_tables

Marta28 (asker) May 6, 2014:

Mr Jackson notes that Dr Wass considers that Mr X's employment rates in the UK are estimated in the Ogden Tables to be 0.83 (low skills, unemployed and non-disabled). Dr Wass considers that this figure is likely to overstate Mr X's employment prospects in both the UK, due to poor English and no qualifications, and in Poland due to lower employment rates both generally and specifically for Mr X's characteristics. Mr Jackson notes that Dr Wass does not offer an alternative contingency factor.

geopiet May 6, 2014:

that the employment rating Poland for those czy coś tam jest w zdaniu przed Polską?