Some translations have dentures as sztuczna szczęka, but I think the distinction is between the removable and fixed prostheses, but this division is not crystal clear.
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Dental prosthesis
A dental prosthesis is an intraoral (inside the mouth) prosthesis used to restore (reconstruct) intraoral defects such as missing teeth, missing parts of teeth, and missing soft or hard structures of the jaw and palate. Prosthodontics is the dental specialty that focuses on dental prostheses. Such prostheses are used to rehabilitate mastication (chewing), improve aesthetics, and aid speech. A dental prosthesis may be held in place by connecting to teeth or dental implants, by suction, or by being held passively by surrounding muscles. Like other types of prostheses, they can either be fixed permanently or removable; fixed prosthodontics and removable dentures are made in many variations. Permanently fixed dental prostheses use dental adhesive or screws, to attach to teeth or dental implants. Removal prostheses may use friction against parallel hard surfaces and undercuts of adjacent teeth or dental implants, suction using the mucous retention (with or without aid from denture adhesives), and by exploiting the surrounding muscles and anatomical contours of the jaw to passively hold in place.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_prosthesis

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Dentures
Occlusal view of the same maxillary denture
Dentures (also known as false teeth) are prosthetic devices constructed to replace missing teeth, and are supported by the surrounding soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. Conventional dentures are removable (removable partial denture or complete denture). However, there are many denture designs, some which rely on bonding or clasping onto teeth or dental implants (fixed prosthodontics). There are two main categories of dentures, the distinction being whether they are used to replace missing teeth on the mandibular arch or on the maxillary arch.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentures

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What Are Dentures?

Sometimes called false teeth, dentures are typically removable prosthetic dental devices designed to replace missing teeth. There are three types of dentures:

Conventional full dentures are custom made and placed in your mouth after all of your teeth are removed and your gums and surrounding tissues have healed — a process that can take a few months.
Immediate full dentures are customized and created before any remaining teeth are removed and fitted into your mouth immediately after tooth removal. This option lets you avoid going without teeth while you heal, but the dentures typically need to be relined within a few months.
Partial dentures are a removable alternative to bridges. These prosthetics are attached to a metal framework that then attaches to your remaining natural teeth.

https://www.stpetedentist.com/dentures-vs-crowns-understandi...
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